Madagascar is facing a period of intense political turmoil as President Andry Rajoelina has reportedly fled the country amidst widespread protests led by the younger generation, Gen Z. The protests, initially sparked by frustrations over frequent power outages and water shortages, quickly escalated into broader grievances concerning corruption, bad governance, and a lack of basic services.
President's Departure: What We Know
According to Siteny Randrianasoloniaiko, a leader of the opposition in parliament, Rajoelina left Madagascar on Sunday after sections of the army defected and joined the protesters. The opposition claims to have confirmation from the presidency's staff regarding the president's departure, although Rajoelina's current location remains unknown.
A military source reported to Reuters that Rajoelina departed the country on a French military aircraft. French radio RFI suggests that Rajoelina may have struck a deal with French President Emmanuel Macron. The source detailed the arrival of a French Army Casa aircraft at Sainte Marie airport, followed by a helicopter transfer of Rajoelina onto the plane.
UN's Call for Restraint
The United Nations has urged Madagascar authorities to avoid using unnecessary force against protesters. This follows clashes between police and demonstrators in the capital, Antananarivo. Reports indicate that police used tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse the crowds, resulting in injuries. The UN's human rights office has expressed concern over continued violence against protesters by the gendarmerie and called for the respect of rights to free association and peaceful assembly.
Escalating Unrest
Demonstrations began on September 25, fuelled by shortages of essential resources. The protests have grown into a larger movement against the ruling elite, mirroring similar unrest in other countries. Conflict monitoring group ACLED reports that September saw the second-highest level of protests in Madagascar since 1997.
Casualties and Accusations
Conflicting reports have emerged regarding the number of casualties. The United Nations reported at least 22 deaths in the initial days of protests, while President Rajoelina claims 12 confirmed deaths, attributing them to looters and vandals. The situation remains volatile, and the future of Madagascar's leadership is uncertain.